TRIBE OR NATION? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania
نویسنده
چکیده
T design of public policies that promote interethnic cooperation remains poorly understood nearly twenty years after the appearance of Horowitz's seminal work. Recent research suggests that ethnically diverse societies are prone to corruption, political instability, poor institutional performance, and slow economic growth and that in the United States higher levels of diversity are related to lower provision of local public goods across municipalities. Addressing ethnic divisions is likely to be particularly important for Africa, the most ethnically diverse and poorest continent. This article examines how central government nation-building policies affect interethnic cooperation, by comparing the relationship between local ethnic diversity and public goods across two nearby rural districts, one in western Kenya and one in western Tanzania, using colonial-era national boundary placement as a "natural experiment." Despite their largely shared geography, history, and colonial institutional legacy, governments in Kenya and Tanzania have followed radically different ethnic policies along a range of dimensions—most notably in national language policy, the educational curriculum, and local institutional reform—with Tanzania consistently pursuing the more serious nation-building policies during the postcolonial period. The empirical evidence in this article suggests that the Tanzanian nation-building approach has allowed ethnically diverse communities
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